CCIE Routing and Switching (400-101 V5.1) Written Exam Prep Bundle

CCIE R&S Written Exam Prep Bundle includes access to video library (53 hours), study guide (370 pages), and practice exams with free bi-weekly updates that include newer questions.
All of our practice exams are structured around Cisco official blueprint sections for CCIE Security track. Practice exams include quizzes based on blueprint sections or categories and several exam simulations that are modeled after real world tests.
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Network Principles
Describe basic software architecture differences between IOS and IOS XE
- Control plane and Forwarding plane
- Impact to troubleshooting and performances
- Excluding specific platform`s architecture
Identify Cisco express forwarding concepts
- RIB, FIB, LFIB, Adjacency table
- Load balancing Hash
- Polarization concept and avoidance
Explain general network challenges
- Unicast flooding
- Out of order packets
- Asymmetric routing
- Impact of micro burst
Explain IP operations
- ICMP unreachable, redirect
- IPv4 options, IPv6 extension headers
- IPv4 and IPv6 fragmentation
- TTL
- IP MTU
Explain TCP operations
- IPv4 and IPv6 PMTU
- MSS
- Latency
- Windowing
- Bandwidth delay product
- Global synchronization
- Options
Explain UDP operations
- Starvation
- Latency
- RTP/RTCP concepts
Evaluate proposed changes to a network
- Changes to routing protocol parameters
- Migrate parts of a network to IPv6
- Routing protocol migration
- Adding multicast support
- Migrate spanning tree protocol
- Evaluate impact of new traffic on existing QoS design
Use IOS troubleshooting tools
- debug, conditional debug
- ping, traceroute with extended options
- Embedded packet capture
- Performance monitor
Apply troubleshooting methodologies
- Diagnose the root cause of networking issue [analyze symptoms, identify and describe root cause]
- Design and implement valid solutions according to constraints
- Verify and monitor resolution
Interpret packet capture
- Using Wireshark trace analyzer
- Using IOS embedded packet capture
Network Principles Key Takeaways
Network Principles Quiz
Layer 2 Technologies
Implement and troubleshoot switch administration
- Managing MAC address table
- errdisable recovery
- L2 MTU
Implement and troubleshoot layer 2 protocols
- CDP, LLDP
- UDLD
Implement and troubleshoot VLAN
- Access ports
- VLAN database
- Normal, extended VLAN, voice VLAN
Implement and troubleshoot trunking
- VTPv1, VTPv2, VTPv3, VTP pruning
- dot1Q
- Native VLAN
- Manual pruning
Implement and troubleshoot EtherChannel
- LACP, PAgP, manual
- Layer 2, layer 3
- Load-balancing
- Etherchannel misconfiguration guard
Implement and troubleshoot spanning-tree
- PVST+/RPVST+/MST
- Switch priority, port priority, path cost, STP timers
- port fast, BPDUguard, BPDUfilter
- loopguard, rootguard
Implement and troubleshoot other LAN switching technologies
- SPAN, RSPAN, ERSPAN
Describe chassis virtualization and aggregation technologies
- Multichassis
- VSS concepts
- Alternative to STP
- Stackwise
- Excluding specific platform implementation
Describe spanning-tree concepts
- Compatibility between MST and RSTP
- STP dispute, STP bridge assurance
Implement and troubleshoot IGMP
- IGMPv1, IGMPv2, IGMPv3
- IGMP snooping
- IGMP querier
- IGMP filter
- IGMP proxy
Explain MLD
Explain PIM snooping
Implement and troubleshoot HDLC
Implement and troubleshoot PPP
- Authentication [PAP, CHAP]
- PPPoE
- MLPPP
Describe WAN rate-based ethernet circuits
- Metro and WAN Ethernet topologies
- Use of rate-limited WAN ethernet services
Layer 2 Technologies Key Takeaways
Layer 2 Technologies Quiz
Layer 3 Technologies
Identify, implement and troubleshoot IPv4 addressing and subnetting
- Address types, VLSM
- ARP
Identify, implement and troubleshoot IPv6 addressing and subnetting
- Unicast, multicast
- EUI-64
- ND, RS/RA
- Autoconfig/SLAAC, temporary addresses [RFC4941]
- Global prefix configuration feature
- DHCP protocol operations
- SLAAC/DHCPv6 interaction
- Stateful, stateless DHCPv6
- DHCPv6 prefix delegation
Troubleshoot reverse path forwarding
- RPF failure
- RPF failure with tunnel interface
Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 protocol independent multicast
- PIM dense mode, sparse mode, sparse-dense mode
- Static RP, auto-RP, BSR
- BiDirectional PIM
- Source-specific multicast
- Group to RP mapping
- Multicast boundary
Implement and troubleshoot multicast source discovery protocol
- Intra-domain MSDP [anycast RP]
- SA filter
Describe IPv6 multicast
- IPv6 multicast addresses
- PIMv6
Implement and troubleshoot static routing
Implement and troubleshoot default routing
Compare routing protocol types
- Distance vector
- Link state
- Path vector
Implement, optimize and troubleshoot administrative distance
Implement and troubleshoot passive interface
Implement and troubleshoot VRF lite
Implement, optimize and troubleshoot filtering with any routing protocol
Implement, optimize and troubleshoot redistribution between any routing protocol
Implement, optimize and troubleshoot manual and auto summarization with any routing protocol
Implement, optimize and troubleshoot policy-based routing
Identify and troubleshoot sub-optimal routing
Implement and troubleshoot bidirectional forwarding detection
Implement and troubleshoot loop prevention mechanisms
- Route tagging, filtering
- Split horizon
- Route poisoning
Implement and troubleshoot routing protocol authentication
- MD5
- Key-chain
- EIGRP HMAC SHA2-256bit
- OSPFv2 SHA1-196bit
- OSPFv3 IPsec authentication
Implement and troubleshoot RIPv2
Describe RIPv6 [RIPng]
Describe packet types
- Packet types [hello, query, update, and such]
- Route types [internal, external]
Implement and troubleshoot neighbor relationship
Implement and troubleshoot loop free path selection
- RD, FD, FC, successor, feasible successor
- Classic metric
- Wide metric
Implement and troubleshoot operations
- General operations
- Topology table, update, query, active, passive
- Stuck in active
- Graceful shutdown
Implement and troubleshoot EIGRP stub
- Stub
- Leak-map
Implement and troubleshoot load-balancing
- equal-cost
- unequal-cost
- add-path
Implement EIGRP [multi-address] named mode
- Types of families
- IPv4 address-family
- IPv6 address-family
Implement, troubleshoot and optimize EIGRP convergence and scalability
- Describe fast convergence requirements
- Control query boundaries
- IP FRR/fast reroute [single hop]
- Summary leak-map
- Summary metric
Describe packet types
- LSA yypes [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9]
- Route types [N1, N2, E1, E2]
Describe neighbor relationship
Implement and troubleshoot OSPFv3 address-family support
- IPv4 address-family
- IPv6 address-family
Implement and troubleshoot network types, area types and router types
- Point-to-point, multipoint, broadcast, non-broadcast
- LSA types, area type: backbone, normal, transit, stub, NSSA, totally stub
- Internal router, ABR, ASBR
- Virtual link
Implement and troubleshoot path preference
Implement and troubleshoot operations
- General operations
- Graceful shutdown
- GTSM [Generic TTL Security Mechanism]
Describe, implement and troubleshoot peer relationships
- Peer-group, template
- Active, passive
- States, timers
- Dynamic neighbors
Implement, troubleshoot and optimize OSPF convergence and scalability
- Metrics
- LSA throttling, SPF tuning, fast hello
- LSA propagation control [area types, ISPF]
- IP FRR/fast reroute [single hop]
- LFA/loop-free alternative [multi hop]
- OSPFv3 prefix suppression
Implement and troubleshoot IBGP and EBGP
- EBGP, IBGP
- 4 bytes AS number
- Private AS
Explain attributes and best-path selection
Implement, optimize and troubleshoot routing policies
- Attribute manipulation
- Conditional advertisement
- Outbound route filtering
- Communities, extended communities
- Multi-homing
Implement and troubleshoot scalability
- Route-reflector, cluster
- Confederations
- Aggregation, AS set
Implement and troubleshoot multiproctocol BGP
- IPv4, IPv6, VPN address-family
Implement and troubleshoot AS path manipulations
- Local AS, allow AS in, remove private AS
- Prepend
- Regexp
Implement and troubleshoot other features
- Multipath
- BGP synchronization
- Soft reconfiguration, route refresh
Describe BGP fast convergence features
- Prefix independent convergence
- Add-path
- Next-hop address tracking
Describe basic ISIS network
- Single area, single topology
Describe network types, levels and router types
- NSAP addressing
- Point-to-point, broadcast
Describe operations
Describe optimization features
- Metrics, wide metric
Layer 3 Technologies Key Takeaways
Layer 3 Technologies Quiz
VPN Technologies
Implement and troubleshoot MPLS operations
- Label stack, LSR, LSP
- LDP
- MPLS ping, MPLS traceroute
Implement and troubleshoot basic MPLS L3VPN
- L3VPN, CE, PE, P
- Extranet [route leaking]
Implement and troubleshoot encapsulation
- GRE
- Dynamic GRE
- LISP encapsulation principles supporting EIGRP OTP
Implement and troubleshoot DMVPN [single hub]
- NHRP
- DMVPN with IPsec using preshared key
- QoS profile
- Pre-classify
Describe IPv6 tunneling techniques
- 6in4, 6to4
- ISATAP
- 6RD
- 6PE/6VPE
Describe basic layer 2 VPN -wireline
- L2TPv3 general principals
- ATOM general principals
Describe basic L2VPN - LAN services
- MPLS-VPLS general principals
- OTV general principals
Implement and troubleshoot IPsec with preshared key
- IPv4 site to IPv4 site
- IPv6 in IPv4 tunnels
- Virtual tunneling Interface [VTI]
Describe GET VPN
VPN Technologies Key Takeaways
VPN Technologies Quiz
Infrastructure Security
Implement and troubleshoot IOS AAA using local database
Implement and troubleshoot device access control
- Lines [VTY, AUX, console]
- SNMP
- Management plane protection
- Password encryption
Implement and troubleshoot control plane policing
Describe device security using IOS AAA with TACACS and RADIUS
- AAA with TACACS+ and RADIUS
- Local privilege authorization fallback
Implement and troubleshoot switch security features
- VACL, PACL
- Stormcontrol
- DHCP snooping
- IP source-guard
- Dynamic ARP inspection
- port-security
- Private VLAN
Implement and troubleshoot router security features
- IPv4 access control lists [standard, extended, time-based]
- IPv6 traffic filter
- Unicast reverse path forwarding
Implement and troubleshoot IPv6 first hop security
- RA guard
- DHCP guard
- Binding table
- Device tracking
- ND inspection/snooping
- Source guard
- PACL
Describe 802.1x
- 802.1x, EAP, RADIUS
- MAC authentication bypass
Infrastructure Security Key Takeaways
Infrastructure Security Quiz
Infrastructure Services
Implement and troubleshoot device management
- Console and VTY
- telnet, HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, SCP
- [T]FTP
Implement and troubleshoot SNMP
- v2c, v3
Implement and troubleshoot logging
- Local logging, syslog, debug, conditional debug
- Timestamp
Implement and troubleshoot end-to-end QoS
- CoS and DSCP mapping
Implement, optimize and troubleshoot QoS using MQC
- Classification
- Network based application recognition [NBAR]
- Marking using IP precedence, DSCP, CoS, ECN
- Policing, shaping
- Congestion management [queuing]
- HQoS, sub-rate ethernet link
- Congestion avoidance [WRED]
Describe layer 2 QoS
- Queuing, scheduling
- Classification, marking
Implement and troubleshoot first-hop redundancy protocols
- HSRP, GLBP, VRRP
- Redundancy using IPv6 R
Implement and troubleshoot network time protocol
- HSRP, GLBP, VRRP
- Redundancy using IPv6 RS/RA
Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP
- DHCP client, IOS DHCP server, DHCP relay
- DHCP options
- DHCP protocol operations
- SLAAC/DHCPv6 interaction
- Stateful, stateless DHCPv6
- DHCPv6 prefix delegation
Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 network address translation
- Static NAT, dynamic NAT, policy-based NAT, PAT
- NAT ALG
Describe IPv6 network address translation
- NAT64
- NPTv6
Implement and troubleshoot IP SLA
- ICMP, UDP, Jitter, VoIP
Implement and troubleshoot tracking object
- Tracking object, tracking list
- Tracking different entities [e.g. interfaces, routes, IPSLA, and such]
Implement and troubleshoot netflow
- Netflow v5, v9
- Local retrieval
- Export [configuration only]
Implement and troubleshoot embedded event manager
- EEM policy using applet
Identify performance routing [PfR]
- Basic load balancing
- Voice optimization
Infrastructure Services Key Takeaways
Infrastructure Services Quiz
Evolving Technologies V1.1
1.0 Cloud
1.a Compare and contrast public, private, hybrid, and multi-cloud design considerations
1.a (i) Infrastructure, platform, and software as a service (XaaS)
1.a (ii) Performance, scalability, and high availability
1.a (iii) Security implications, compliance, and policy
1.a (iv) Workload migration
1.b Describe cloud infrastructure and operations
1.b (i) Compute virtualization (containers and virtual machines)
1.b (ii) Connectivity (virtual switches, SD-WAN and SD-Access)
1.b (iii) Virtualization functions (NFVi, VNF, and L4/L1)
1.b (iv) Automation and orchestration tools (cloud center, DNA-center, and Kubernetes)
2.0 Network programmability (SDN)
2.a Describe architectural and operational considerations for a programmable network
2.a (i) Data models and structures (YANG, JSON and XML)
2.a (ii) Device programmability (gRPC, NETCONF and RESTCONF)
2.a (iii) Controller based network design (policy driven configuration and northbound/ southbound APIs)
2.a (iv) Configuration management tools (agent and agent-less) and version control systems (Git and
SVN)
3.0 Internet of things (IoT)
3.a Describe architectural framework and deployment considerations for Internet of Things (IoT)
3.a (i) IoT technology stack (IoT Network Hierarchy, data acquisition and flow)
3.a (ii) IoT standards and protocols (characteristics within IT and OT environment)
3.a (iii) IoT security (network segmentation, device profiling, and secure remote access)
3.a (iv) IoT edge and fog computing (data aggregation and edge intelligence)
Evolving Technologies V1.1 Key takeaways
Evolving Technologies V1.1 Quiz
Exam Simulations
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #1
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #2
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #3
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #4
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #5
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #6
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #7
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #8
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #9
Exam Simulation: CCIE Routing and Switching #10
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